Jérôme Hamon suffered from neurofibromatosis type 1 (von Recklinghausen disease), a genetic disease which had distorted his face. The first transplant had been a success, as he recounted in a book published in April 2015, "Did you see the Monsieur?" The 2018 transplant was carried out by the team of Professor Laurent Lantieri, at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, of the Assistance publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP).

The first total face transplant on the same patient in 2010 at the Henri-Mondor hospital in Créteil was also a success. 'Before, I only suffered when the weather was wet and cold. Now it has become terrible,' he said in April 2014, when he was 48.