Amendment to proposed law on foreign interference forces think tanks to make public all “donations and payments” from abroad. France is “particularly exposed to attempts at espionage and interference”, warned the head of the DGSI Nicolas Lerner last year to French MPs.

The text of the law also has the primary ambition of creating a register of “actors influencing French public life on behalf of a foreign power” If these “representatives of interests” are prosecuted for having tried to exert financial influence, they face three years of imprisonment and 45,000 euros of fine.