Why have there been so many revolts and revolutions throughout the history of France?
It is a national singularity. All countries have experienced civil unrest, but none as much as France. The phenomenon is explained first of all by the weakness of political authority, which in our country is endemic. The monarchy, contrary to popular belief, was only strong intermittently. We saw it so shaken during major crises like the Hundred Years War, the Wars of Religion, the Fronde. The Republic was weak from the start because, based on the principle of the will of the people, it was condemned to be governed by elected representatives whose legitimacy was, therefore, fragile, always liable to be challenged in the name of the will of the people themselves. As a result, even if the Republic was strong during the First World War or under de Gaulle, there has never been a time when the republican institutions enjoyed undisputed legitimacy. So
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