health
Written by: Liao Qingxia
2020-07-30 13:59
Last update date: 2020-07-30 14:09The new coronavirus epidemic continues, and local cases continue to rise. The situation is worrying. Recent studies have found that the new coronavirus (COVID-19) may cause long-term damage to the heart. Among the confirmed deaths, half of the patients have found the same amount of virus as a heart attack.
In addition to the heart, new coronary pneumonia can also cause varying degrees of damage to the human brain, lungs, liver, kidneys, and stomach. Can the patient really recover completely? Will it leave permanent damage?
In addition to structural changes in the heart of patients with new coronary pneumonia, there may also be brain diseases, including strokes and nerve injuries. Even after recovery, different organs may be damaged. Which organs can be damaged by the virus? (According to the picture):
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1) High concentration of heart virus
Published in "JAMA Cardiology", a study led by the University Hospital Frankfurt, Germany, researchers checked the heart health of about 100 patients who had recovered from new coronary pneumonia. After a MRI scan, 78 of them showed signs of heart damage. 78% of recovered patients showed structural changes in the heart. About 76% of the recovered people's blood contained high levels of troponin, which is usually produced after a heart attack; another 60 recovered people showed signs of inflammation 71 days after the diagnosis.
Another study, also published in "JAMA Cardiology", was led by the University Heart and Vascular Centre in Hamburg, Germany. Researchers analyzed the heart tissues of 39 patients who died of the disease, and the heart tissues of 24 people who died Viruses, 16 of them have a high concentration of virus in the heart. Before death, the virus showed signs of continuous active replication in the heart tissue, which shows that the spread of the new coronavirus is alarming.
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2) Brain complications
A study published in the journal Brain in July pointed out that the new coronavirus can cause mild patients or patients who are recovering to develop brain diseases, including strokes and nerve damage.
Researchers pointed out that the brain complications caused by the virus are unpredictable, even if it is mild or only mild pneumonia, there is a chance of serious complications. For example, when the brain and nerves are attacked, the following 4 types of problems may occur:
• Stroke
When a patient's blood clots, or thrombosis, he may have a stroke (ischaemic strokes).
• Neuropathy (peripheral neurological disorders)
Patients with COVID-19 may develop neuropathy or cause symptoms such as pain and numbness. (Unsplash/ imani_bht)
After being attacked by a virus, the immune system may attack the nerves; patients may develop neuropathy, or cause symptoms such as pain and numbness.
• Encephalitis (encephalitis)
There have been at least 9 cases in the UK, and all patients have acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (acute disseminated encephalomyelitis) and are life-threatening.
• Delirium
The new coronavirus may cause delirium in patients and impair their cognitive function; and may have mental illness and memory impairment.
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3) Pulmonary fibrosis and decreased function
Some patients with new coronary pneumonia may have pulmonary fibrosis, or some decline in lung function after recovery. Earlier, a doctor in Wuhan also reported that his parents who had been infected with COVID-19 still had to face various sequelae after being discharged from the hospital. This includes pulmonary fibrosis. His father used to be healthy and liked to do physical work, but now he feels fatigued from time to time, and he has breathlessness after climbing a few stairs.
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The new type of coronavirus can cause symptoms similar to those of the flu. Patients may initially have fever and cough, and then worsen to pneumonia or worse. In most patients with new coronary pneumonia, the new coronavirus first appears in the lungs and finally disappears in the lungs. In the early stage of infection, the new coronavirus will quickly invade his lung cells.
One of the common symptoms of coughing patients with new coronary pneumonia. (Unsplash/anniespratt)
There are two types of lung cells, one is mucus (mucus) and the other is cilia (cilia). After the SARS outbreak, the World Health Organization pointed out that SARS would be overactive in viral replication and immune system. Attack the lungs in three different stages (immune hyper-reactivity) and lung damage (pulmonary destruction).
The first stage: virus replication
Experts point out that SARS likes to infect and kill ciliated cells. After they fall off, the patient's airway is filled with waste and fluids. In fact, many patients with new coronary pneumonia have pneumonia on both lungs. , And accompanied by symptoms such as shortness of breath.
Stage 2: Overactive immune system
In the second stage, when the virus invades, the body's immune cells will flood the lungs, clean the damaged area and repair the lung tissue. Generally speaking, when these immune cells are operating smoothly, this process will only target the infected site. However, if the immune system reacts excessively, it may even kill healthy tissues.
The third stage: lung damage
Entering the third stage, the lungs continue to be damaged, or cause respiratory failure in the patient. Even if the patient does not die, some people may have permanent lung damage. According to the World Health Organization, the lungs of SARS patients were honeycomb-shaped, and the lungs of patients with new coronary pneumonia also suffered the same damage.
When this happens, patients generally need to rely on a ventilator to breathe. At the same time, inflammation may fill the lungs with fluid, affecting the ability to supply oxygen to the blood. In severe cases, the lungs will be flooded with fluid, making the patient unable to breathe, resulting in death.
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4) Liver: severe damage, even liver failure
Earlier, two doctors in Wuhan Central Hospital were infected and became critically ill patients. After more than two months of treatment, they were all cured, but they were found to have severely darkened skin. Experts pointed out that it may be due to liver damage in severely ill patients, resulting in dull pigmentation. After the liver function is restored, it should gradually return to the old view.
Yi Fan was diagnosed in January. After a long period of treatment, he turned black due to liver damage. (CCTV screenshot)
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Under normal circumstances, liver cells will continue to die and release enzymes in the bloodstream, and then the liver will quickly re-create new cells. And because of this remanufacturing process, the liver can resist a lot of damage. In patients with SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, a common feature is found to contain unusually high levels of enzymes in the blood. This is a warning sign that the liver may be injured, and this damage may be mild and recoverable. It can also be more serious damage such as liver failure.
Scientists are still not completely sure whether the respiratory virus directly infects the liver, replicates and kills the cells of the liver, or whether the body produces an immune response to the virus, causing liver cell damage.
5) Kidney: Acute kidney injury, renal failure
Published in Kidney International on May 13th, a study conducted by a team from Northwell Health, the largest medical group in New York State, found that the new coronavirus pneumonia under treatment ( COVID-19) patients have acute kidney injury and even require dialysis treatment.
Acute kidney injury occurs when the kidneys fail and cannot filter waste from the body. Reuters reported on May 14, quoting study co-author and nephrologist Kenar Jhaveri in a telephone interview that 14.3% of patients with renal failure require dialysis.
In many cases, renal failure occurs approximately when critically ill patients need to be connected to a ventilator. Among the more than 1,000 patients who needed a ventilator, about 90% had acute renal failure; of the 925 patients who did not need to use a ventilator, only 21.7% had kidney failure. He said that patients with very serious conditions usually develop kidney failure as their condition worsens.
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It can be seen from the above that the new coronavirus can cause different damages to different organs of patients, some of which are more permanent. You should not take it lightly and take care of the epidemic. If you develop symptoms, you should seek medical advice as soon as possible and get tested.
(Source: "National Geographic" , "JAMA Cardiology" , "JAMA Cardiology" ,)
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