Pandemics, by their universal character and their long duration, are even more powerful accelerators of history than economic crises.
The Covid-19 epidemic thus disrupts the world of the twenty-first century more profoundly than the Islamist attacks of September 11, 2001 or the crash of 2008. Globalization was founded on a network of city-worlds which concentrated people, wealth, high value-added services, technologies, knowledge and powers.
They were punctuated and structured by public transport ensuring the daily movements of populations commuting to work.
They were linked by maritime and air networks that managed disproportionately large value chains.
They were at the heart of the polarization of incomes and jobs, of talents and businesses, of decision-making centers and of space, which was accompanied by an explosion in house prices.
Silicon Valley symbolized
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