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To achieve carbon neutrality, the IEA advises stopping fossil fuels

2021-05-20T09:54:20.777Z


To limit global warming to 1.5 ° C, the International Energy Agency believes that all oil exploration should be abandoned and no longer selling thermal cars after 2035.


Forget

any oil or gas exploration project

now

” and no longer sell new combustion vehicles beyond 2035: these are the measures necessary to achieve carbon neutrality in the middle of the century and have a chance of limiting global warming at 1.5 ° C, estimates the International Energy Agency (IEA).

The path is "

narrow

" but still "

practicable

" and it promises "

enormous benefits

" both in terms of employment, economic growth or health, notes the IEA which publishes Tuesday, six months before the COP26 of the UN, a roadmap to lead to this goal.

Read also: The great leap of renewable energies in 2020

A change in the energy landscape

Carbon neutrality

”, which consists of not emitting more greenhouse gases than the world can absorb, involves changing the energy landscape with an accelerated decline in demand for fossil fuels and a rise in renewable energy. . “

Beyond the projects already underway in 2021, our trajectory does not foresee any new oil or gas site,

” notes the Agency. "

The rapidly declining demand for oil and natural gas means that there is no exploration required and that no new oil and gas fields are needed beyond those already approved

."

For coal, the most harmful, whose consumption has started again, the world must declare the end of investment decisions for new power plants.

On the contrary, the electricity sector must have achieved carbon neutrality worldwide by 2040. This means installing four times more annual solar and wind capacities by 2030 than in 2020, a record year.

End of new cars with thermal engines in 2035

For 2050, the Agency sees 90% of electricity come from renewables, and a large part of the rest from nuclear.

Fossil resources will only provide one fifth of the energy (compared to 4/5 today).

But for this, sales of new cars with thermal engines must cease in 2035. The IEA's calculations thus join those of the NGO Transport & Environment.

In reality, however, most manufacturers are not there - even if a few are more attainable.

Energy efficiency will also have to grow by 4% per year from this decade, or three times the average rate of the last two decades.

Read also: Do ​​renewable energies really emit less CO2 than nuclear?

A challenge of formidable magnitude

"

The scale and speed of the effort required by this critical and formidable goal - our best chance to tackle climate change and limit global warming to 1.5 ° C - make it perhaps the greatest challenge we face. humanity has never had to face,

”admits the director of the IEA, Fatih Birol. "

Placing the world on this trajectory requires strong action on the part of governments, supported by much greater international cooperation

," adds the economist, while some 785 million people are still without electricity.

In total, this trajectory would increase investment in the energy sector to 5 trillion dollars annually by 2030. This would add 0.4 point of growth per year to global GDP, says the IEA in an analysis conducted with the IMF.

The challenges are not lacking, inherent in the increased share of electricity, for example the need for rare metals, necessary for new technologies but concentrated in a small number of countries and carriers of instability if the market is not organized, insists the IEA.

Technologies still unavailable

Finally, the scenario is based in part on technologies that are still unavailable. In 2050, nearly half of the reductions in CO2 emissions will come from technologies today at the demonstration stage, says the IEA: advanced batteries, competitive green hydrogen, but also CO2 capture and storage systems (CCS) , a solution that is the subject of debate among climate experts. Dave Jones, of the think tank Ember, specialized in energy, sees in this report "

a complete reversal compared to the fossil-oriented IEA of 5 years ago

": "

a real knife stuck in the energy industry fossils

”.

Source: lefigaro

All business articles on 2021-05-20

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