Artificial intelligence and ChatGPT: how the world of work will change and which jobs are in danger of extinction

Work and technology have a long history in common, and when the transformations accelerate, uncertainty about employment grows.

With the development of industrial society, machines tended to replace workers' physical skills.

But in recent years, “smart” technologies

. 

Perhaps for this reason, the launch last November of Chat GPT, a bot with the ability to answer almost any kind of question, "create" new parts and learn automatically,

all kinds of speculation, including the dystopia of a world run by machines. that enslave men, so many times anticipated by literature and cinema.

The truth is that artificial intelligence (AI) has been part of work automation processes for a long time, taking over some tasks that were previously human.

And, according to the report "Consumer Trends 2023" by the SURA Observatory, this type of innovation

this year "becoming increasingly accessible and present in people's daily lives."

After the launch of the GPT Chat, this type of innovation is expected to advance exponentially.

Downhill

were

quickly affected by automation.

Typically, query processing, calculations, file maintenance, data collection and analysis are increasingly being done automatically.

Thus, part of the tasks of information technology staff, paralegals, marketing specialists, accounting clerks, and help desk specialists were taken over by intelligent systems.

In many of these jobs, with little added value, “the cost of automation is lower than that of human resources, and you can still find it in sectors that are further behind in digitization.

That is why I think we are going to see it much more in sectors such as construction or the public sector in Argentina”, says Matías Ghidini, CEO of GhidiniRodil.

However, with generative AI, that is, capable of “creating”, other activities, less repetitive and with greater added value, begin to be, at least in part, replaceable.

are part of the list of jobs that could pass, to a large extent, into the "hands" of AI.

“There are several professions that are beginning to experience a decline in demand.

And it could be predicted that over time

”, affirms Damián García, solutions architect at Ingenia, a group of companies specializing in the development of IT solutions.

Contrary to what many might imagine,

.

This differs from what happened with the automation of machines and robotics, which came to replace physically demanding jobs”, he explains.

An example of this is

.

“AI can write code, solve algorithms, explain them, find bugs, document the code, write functional requirements, etc.,” says García.

"Right now, the most affected are the entry positions (trainee, junior), although I think that companies should aim to train consultants, software engineers and discard the idea of ​​having script programmers," he says.

In his opinion,

, designing systems and interfaces, or analysis with applied criteria.

“But it can support you and be a useful tool that allows you to improve the efficiency and quality of work,” he says.

In the case of finance,

 for an obvious benefit: intelligent systems monitor information in seconds, which means faster decisions and transactions than a

could manage. human.

In addition,

, since it allows a quick and accurate evaluation of potential clients, at a lower cost than human work.

Intelligent systems monitor information in seconds.

But human traders can better anticipate non-rational behavior.

However, some experts claim that since humans do not act rationally and consistently,

.

The profession of trader is related to the prediction of the future and the algorithms designed to predict futures "do not know how to do it", according to the specialized site Just Markets because "they respect only the technical or fundamental aspects of an asset, taking into account the movements of past prices and avoiding any consideration of future fundamentals.

“Professions that involve the use, production or management of information -journalism, librarians, researchers- have incorporated AI into their processes for decades.

Also, much of the industrial quality control is in charge of AI”, contributes Ernesto Mislej, co-founder and Chief Data Scientist of 7Puentes, specialized in AI services, machine learning and data science.

“Regarding generative AI, such as ChatGPT, the chemical and pharmaceutical industry already implements systems for research and production,” he adds.

Another profession significantly affected by these developments is teaching.

"With the popularization of ChatGPT, students have at their fingertips an assistant for text generation, problem solving, and content creation that can negatively affect the learning model as it is designed today," says García.

However,

.

“Teaching does not only imply transmitting information, but also helping, guiding, supporting and above all inspiring students.

A teacher requires emotional and interpersonal skills that AI cannot easily replicate,” she says.

,

on the other hand, have incorporated chatbots in most companies to answer frequently asked questions, take orders or initiate procedures.

"They are very efficient in first-level care, where the AI ​​can initiate communication, request information and end up referring to a specialist," observes García.

New jobs

“Technology in general and AI are not going to kill jobs or decrease employability, but rather they

,” emphasizes Patricio Martínez, vice president and Head of SAP SuccessFactors.

Lucas Mailland, CEO of the Fichap platform, for HR management, provides some examples of new professions that could emerge or gain importance due to the introduction of AI:

• Software developers and AI specialists in charge of creating and maintaining automated systems.

• Data analysts responsible for collecting, organizing, and analyzing large amounts of data to inform decision making.

• Cyber ​​security specialists, who protect systems and data from potential online threats.

• Digital transformation consultants, who help companies adopt and make the most of technology.

• Digital skills instructors and trainers, who teach people how to use technology effectively.

“These are just a few examples, but

in the near future as technology continues to evolve,” he says.

The truth is that, with the development of GPT, “there is an exponential increase in computing capacity.

But we are still far from being able to take the place of a human”, assures Martínez.

According to computer scientist Kai-Fu Lee, author of the paper "Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Work," AI "cannot think laterally to apply its knowledge to a different environment.

You can't form an opinion about what it does.

Nor, of course, does this produce any feeling in him.

For this reason, some activities are not seen as replaceable, at least in the medium term.

“Professions like

, interpersonal skills, emotional understanding that AI doesn't have.

The human connection is fundamental in these professions”, says García.

On the other hand, "artistic professions, such as

, that require creativity, where the artist can provide a unique and emotional perspective of their work, is very difficult for AI to imitate," García points out.

"ChatGPT can write scripts, stories, even jokes, but of course the quality is far from a good writer, author and comedian."

Platforms like Dall-E and MidJourney, which generate unique images from text descriptions, artistic, realistic images and paintings "

," he says.

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