Identity checks are considered “little or not effective” by law enforcement, points out the Defender of Rights. The police are the most skeptical about the effectiveness of targeted controls on cannabis users.

A small minority of gendarmes and police officers (12% and 5.5% respectively) have benefited from training in the past year on de-escalation of violence. Almost half of the agents (45.7%) say they are insufficiently trained in citizens' rights.