It was during this colonial century that these countries reached modernity, says François Joyaux* along 8 questions around Indochina. The capital of the whole moved from Saigon to Hanoi in 1902.

Laos, the last territory conquered in 1893, was included in 1899 in the Indochinese Union. The colony of Cochinchina, in southern part of present-day Vietnam, Annam in the center and Tonkin in the north… This article is reserved for subscribers. You have 97% left to discover.