“The game of cat and mouse is back’: Russian espionage activity in the West now “higher than in the Cold War”. “The priorities are the same as before the war: stealing Western secrets, deepening the division in NATO and undermining support for Ukraine,” says Christian Ohde.

The Kremlin would increasingly use “deputy” intelligence actors. Instead of working with Russian operators, as in previous years, a number of foreigners from politics, business and even organized crime circles are now being used.