Justin Arestein is the founder and director of Code for Africa, a platform specialized in disinformation. He tracks disinformation that is born in Africa, but also that comes from Moscow or Beijing.

“The Russians use a narrative in Africa that claims the West is decadent and perverts our children to become homosexuals,” he says. He says the real threat is the way AI is being used to make it incredibly cheap and fast to produce seemingly authentic propaganda messages on WhatsApp and Telegram.