5.7 mn Italians earn less than 11,000 euros per year - CGIL - Business.com. Average national household income in Italy was 31,500 euro a year gross in 2022, far below Germany (45,500) and France (41,700)Factors in Italy's low wages were a high rate of involuntary part time work (57.9%), the highest rate in the eurozone.
High rate of temporary jobs (16.9%) with "strong working discontinuity"