Promising energy abundance in a country that feared power cuts six months ago is a huge challenge. "Every time an industrialist decides to invest in France, the first question he asks me is: do you guarantee me, over the next twenty years, low-cost carbon-free energy? This is the decisive element of an investment," said the Minister of the Economy, Bruno Le Maire.

One investor confirms this new reality: "Before, competitiveness was the cost of labour. Now it's the costof energy."