Breuer: Large-scale exercise is a “step towards war capability”. A total of more than 12,000 men and women from the Bundeswehr, primarily from the German Army, will be involved in the exercise.

It is the largest exercise by German land forces since the beginning of the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine. The soldiers involved train alerting, deployment to NATO's external borders in the northeast and southeast, and combat. Deterrence - along with the training effect - is a key goal amid increasing warnings that Russia could be ready to test NATO's alliance spirit in a few years.