Deficit: France is doing worse than Spain, Portugal or Greece and is losing credibility in Europe. Of the twenty members of the euro zone, only Italy and Slovakia are doing worse.

In Italy, the 2023 deficit reached 7%, while Giorgia Meloni hoped to reduce it to 5.3%. This did not prevent the Italian debt rate from falling from 140.5% to 137.3% of GDP in one year. In France, on the other hand, the debt ratio is only falling very slightly, compared to 111.9% in 2022.