Emmanuel Macron appoints a “personal envoy” to redefine the French presence in Africa. The last French soldiers left Niger with an imperative for discretion at the end of 2023.
Out of pragmatism, the United States and Germany chose to maintain relations with the junta. At the military level, relations between France and African countries are back and forth, recalls Jean-Marie Bockel, the former Secretary of State for Cooperation, who wanted to pronounce the death certificate of Françafrique.