"This time, victory is guaranteed," says the 63-year-old mother. "I vote with a heavy heart, but I vote anyway," insists Rabia, in her forties, outside the Findinkli school in Gümüssuyu.

"The media system set up constitutes a massive rigging of elections," says RSF's Erol Önderoglu. The electoral campaign between the two rounds has seen a new batch of fake news and accusations directed against the opposition.