Japan lost its symbolic title of third world economic power to Germany in 2023, according to preliminary Japanese GDP data. Christian Kessler, professor at Musashi University in Tokyo, sees this as the consequence of choices.
Falling exports, aging population... why Japan is in the process of being downgraded. Kessler: For it is now “two-two” with the aging of its population, passive and passive. At the beginning of the 1990s, things began to fall apart, he says.