France, prime target of Russian disinformation. French president had kept only one eye open on the Russian threat.

He wanted to believe in the possibility of a return to calm thanks to improbable negotiations. He also urged European countries “not to humiliate” or “crush” Russia. The time for illusions is well and truly over. The first break with French ambiguity towards Putin's Russia dates back to the speech given by Emmanuel Macron in Bratislava, in June 2023.