Goldman Sachs: British economy is suffering from the “long-term” costs of Brexit. Lower international trade, weak business investment and a decline in immigration from Britain's largest trading partner have contributed.

Still, Goldman said not all of the U.K.'s economic woes are due to Brexit, citing the pandemic and the energy crisis following Russia's invasion of Ukraine as weighing heavily on growth. The Bank of England's Jonathan Haskel said a year ago that Brexit had cost every British household an average of $1,260.