How Putin used the 1999 attacks to invade Chechnya. The attacks of 1999, which led to the Second Chechen War, constitute an enlightening precedent.
It is even possible that at the time the Kremlin organized the attacks to justify its invasion and strengthen the emerging power of Vladimir Putin. Four days after the Crocus City Hall attack, no one suspects Moscow of having organized this carnage. But as in 1999, Russia names the enemy of the moment as guilty. Let's go back to 1999.