Jean-Pierre Robin: “Emmanuel Macron crowned king of deficits under the Fifth Republic”. Under his reign at the Élysée, the deficit was 4.9% per year on average, much higher than the previous ten years.

How can we understand this accelerated drift leading to a doubling of public debt since 2009? Three phenomena have combined: the succession of obviously exceptional crises, but also the borrowing facilities which constitute a real incentive to commit debt, and, last but not least, impatience.