Meloni's “Africa Plan” could increase migration – Italy's ally comes under pressure. Critics counter that Giorgia Meloni's government is not addressing Africa's structural needs and is neglecting climate protection.

Kenyan President Ruto plays a key role in this - but he is increasingly controversial in his country. The disagreements not only highlight the growing gap between Ruto's international profile and the opposition at home. More than 50 African groups wrote a letter to the Italian government lamenting Rome's failure to consult Africans.