NATO soldiers are already in Ukraine for arms control, intelligence operations and training. The French proposal not to rule out sending soldiers against Russia opens a debate in which it is confirmed that there are already soldiers from the Atlantic Alliance in the invaded country.

EL PAÍS has interviewed multiple military sources, Ukrainian and EU countries, over the past two years who agree that no NATO army has participated in ground combat actions. But they also agree that they do have informants on the ground to provide knowledge about the situation on the front.