Ramadan used as pretext to "re-Islamize" co-religionists, says French historian. The Islamists have established Ramadan as a great moment of mobilization to recall Islamic norms in a drastic way.

What should be a moment of meditation, prayer, fasting and family celebration becomes for these rigors a pretext for identity and community mobilization. The most exalted take the opportunity to take action in order to remind their co- Religionists of the strict norm as they understand it: invisibility of women under the veil. In France, two men of Algerian origin were attacked in Bordeaux because they were consuming alcohol on day of Eid ul-Fitr. The attack on Samara in Montpellier, who was accused of not wearing the veil, and the death of Shemseddine in Viry-Châtillon, also occurred during the holy month of Ramadan. In Belgium, a man was attacked for not wearing a headscarf on the day of the Eid al-Adha.