Record carbon dioxide emissions in 2023. More than 40 percent of the increase in emissions was caused by countries with large water reserves, such as China, the United States, India, Canada and elsewhere.

Droughts in water-rich countries encouraged switching to fossil fuels. Emissions must peak by 2025 at the latest and then decline from then on so that catastrophic levels of global warming can be prevented. At least half of the energy produced in advanced economies came from sources such as renewables and nuclear power.