One in five hate crimes committed in Spain between 2002 and 2021 (22.7%) targeted the sexual orientation and identity of the victims. Those committed due to their racial or ethnic origin represented 18.8%; ideology, 15.3% and nationality, 10.2%.
These and other data appear in the study Analysis of cases and sentences regarding racism, xenophobia, LGTBIphobia and other forms of intolerance 2018-2022. The study was prepared by professors Andrea Giménez-Salinas Framis and Jon-Mirena Landa Gorostiza.