The surge in the deficit to 5.5% relaunches the debate among the majority on the need to increase taxes. Public debt reached 110.6% of GDP at the end of 2023, down compared to 2022 (111.9%) but above the government forecast (109.7%).

A figure much higher than the government's forecast, which was committed to containing the deficit at 4.9%. This gap represents “a deterioration of 15.8 billion euros compared to the latest forecasts’