Emmanuel Macron and Volodymyr Zelensky announced they aimed to train 2,000 Ukrainians in France and nearly 4,000 in Poland in 2023. The President of the Republic has however ruled out the supply of aircraft to Kiev.

Between 30 and 40 Ukrainian pilots, according to people familiar with the matter, are experienced enough and speak English well enough to be trained in these aircraft within NATO. The French Air Force has thirteen Mirage 2000s recently withdrawn from service and which could be reconditioned and made combat-ready again.