War in Ukraine: War caused $3.5 billion in destruction of heritage and culture. UNESCO has identified 5,000 sites destroyed since the start of the Russian invasion on Ukrainian soil in February 2022.

Seven Ukrainian cultural sites and one natural site are part of the UNESCO World Heritage list. Sixteen other sites, including the city center of Chernihiv, damaged during the first months of the war, appear in a UNESCO “indicative” list. kyiv must ultimately present their candidacy so that they can be included in the UN World Heritage List.