Since the start of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, the number of oil tankers with opaque ownership or without proper insurance has soared. The number of these ships doubled last year and now represent around 10% of tankers operating internationally.
In October, the Russian black fleet enabled the export of around 2.3 million barrels per day of crude oil and 800,000 Barrels per Day of petroleum products. “More than 70% of Russian oil transported by sea is thanks to the ghost fleet,” says Elina Ribakova.