Some 50 countries are "seeding" clouds, manipulating them to make them rain or to prevent devastating precipitation. In 1966, the US military launched Operation Popeye over Vietnam: tons of silver iodide to intensify the monsoon and slow down Ho Chi Minh's troops.

This unprecedented act of war led the United Nations to adopt the ENMOD Convention in 1976. Signatory countries pledged not to use clouds as a weapon of war against other signatory countries. But in the era of climate change, these techniques could become a source of geopolitical tensions, while the consequences are unknown.