Hacker organizations known as Fighting Ursa and Cloacked Ursa attacked military, diplomatic, public and private entities in European countries with infected emails in 2022 and 2023. The main objective of these groups were entities based in Ukraine (particularly in kyiv), but operations were also recorded against institutions located in Poland, the United States and Belgium (Brussels) In most cases, emails were the main means of infiltration, according to the Cyberpeace Institute, a non-governmental organization specialized in cyber threats and financed by companies such as Microsoft and Mastercard.