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Severe coronary heart disease may develop a lupus-like condition
Severe Covid-19 disease can cause the body to develop an excessive immune response reminiscent of autoimmune disease.
The rapid production of immune cells saves on quality control and allows damaged cells to attack the body
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Corona
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covid-19
lupus
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Monday, 19 October 2020, 13:52
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Severe cases of Covid-19 can lead to an overreaction of immune cells, which causes the body's immune response to show more like a Gog and Magog war and less in the direction of a smart, small army.
In a new study now being published, scientists describe the excessive immune response and note that it is disturbingly similar to the severe outbreaks that attack lupus patients.
Lupus is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes the immune system to accidentally attack healthy body tissues.
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To the full article
Immunologists from Emory University in Atlanta, USA, examined the activation patterns of B cells - important immune cells that produce antibodies to neutralize invading pathogens in the body - in 19 coronary patients (4 of whom died later), and compared them to those of 37 healthy people. Help explain how there are patients who, although their bodies produce antibodies to the corona virus, deteriorate into a serious condition and even death.
The body produces antibodies to the virus, but the patient deteriorates and may even die.
Corona patients in hospital in Milan, Italy (Photo: Reuters)
The study was published in the journal Nature Immunology, and the researchers describe how they noticed that the bodies of Covid-19 patients were rapidly flooded with B-type vaccine cells via extra-follicular pathways - a kind of highway for the rapid production and distribution of antibodies.
B cell maturation can sometimes take weeks, too long when the body encounters an aggressive infection that needs to respond quickly, so the immune system has this accelerated mechanism that allows it to respond in an emergency.
Although flooding the body with antibodies that respond quickly is helpful in dealing with the contaminant invader, some of the immune cells seem to lose direction and also attack healthy cells in the body.
In other words, the rapid production mechanism of B cells skips several stages in their "training" and probably also quality control, leading to the production of type B cells that mistakenly attack the body's healthy tissues.
Type B cells
According to the researchers, the result is very similar to the reaction that occurs in the bodies of lupus patients.
As part of this autoimmune disease the activation mechanism of B cells is defective, and it also causes the production of defective B cells that accidentally attack the healthy cells of the body.
The symptoms that cause patients as a result are: fatigue, joint pain, skin rashes and kidney function problems - which worsen when there are outbreaks of the disease.
Speed comes at the expense of quality.
Illustration of a Type B Immune Cell Producing Antibodies (Illustration: ShutterStock)
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The researchers argue that their findings confirm the notion that drugs that regulate the immune system (immunosuppressants) may be an essential tool in the treatment of severe cases of Covid-19.
The present study joins a series of previous studies that have described and examined in depth how the infection in Covid-19 causes some patients to develop an excessive and uncoordinated immune response and severely damage them.
The most obvious example of this is the "cytokine storm" in which a relatively large number of studies have been conducted.
A cytokine storm is a condition in which too strong a response of the immune system leads to the release of too high an amount of inflammatory substances called cytokines.
This leads to hyper-inflammation in the body that causes the formation of dangerous blood clots and very severe inflammation in vital organs.
Why exactly does this virus cause this reaction?
However, what is still unclear is what exactly in the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes coronary heart disease) causes the immune system to overreact.
One can think of quite a few equally vicious and even more vicious pathogens that do not cause a similar reaction.
And another thing that has not been clarified is why there are people who develop this harsh reaction and those who do not.
"Not all severe infections cause it. Sepsis (sepsis) for example, does not look like that," said Dr. Ignacio Sanz, of the Emory University School of Medicine and one of the leaders in the current study.
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