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'Corona clouds': This is what happens when someone coughs in a closed room
Suppose you are in the office and someone coughs - how exactly do the particles emitted in his cough dissipate and how far does it take to get out of the danger of infection?
These are exactly the questions physicists have tried to answer
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Corona
covid-19
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Sunday, 25 October 2020, 08:53
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3D simulation of the scattering of 'Corona clouds' - a droplet and aerosol spray emitted by a cough inside an enclosed space (Meteorological Institute of Finland, Alto University, VTT and the University of Helsinki)
The more information we gather about Covid-19, the more important it becomes to contract the virus from the air, which is more likely to be enclosed in confined spaces, especially those that do not have good enough ventilation.
You have probably seen at least one repulsive imaging video that demonstrates how a droplet spray emitted by a cough moves and dissipates, but less known so far has been how 'cough clouds' (of smaller aerosol particles) move and are carried in the air.
And researchers from the American Institute of Physics have sought to crack this issue.
In their new study, they demonstrate how cough clouds develop and change shape as they move through the air, and how masking affects their volume and dispersal.
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To the full article
In the study, published in the journal Physics of Fluids, the researchers wrote: "When a person coughs, what volume of air does he pollute as a result of the cough he emits? The answer to this question is not obvious because some of the air in the room mixes with the cough and becomes part of it. "In the room, it is significantly larger than the volume of air emitted by the cough."
The 5-8 seconds after the cough are the critical time when the corona cloud disperses in the room.
A man coughs without a mask (Illustration: ShutterStock)
The researchers hoped that by answering their question they would also be able to discover effective ways to reduce infections in enclosed spaces, such as understanding how many people can stay safely in one enclosed space - like a movie theater, or differentiate - a hospital ward.
In addition, they sought to find out how factors such as room temperature and humidity percentages affect the dispersal of cough clouds, to determine what type and intensity of ventilation are required to reduce infections in places like offices or airplanes.
The researchers used an analogy based on jet theory to prove that the most critical time, in terms of infection, is 5-8 seconds immediately after a person coughs indoors.
After that, the cloud of cough he emitted begins to dissipate.
As the cough begins to move in the air, the volume of the cough cloud increases by a third power relative to the distance it travels, before it dissipates and disappears.
A surgical mask reduces the volume of the 'cough cloud' emitted by the cough 7 times.
A man with a mask coughing on a train (Illustration: ShutterStock)
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However, there is a fairly simple way to reduce the volume of cough clouds emitted and reduce the chances of infection - the researchers found that a cough without a mouth mask even produces a cloud that is 7 times larger than the one emitted into the room from a cough with a surgical mask.
A person wearing an N95 mask will emit a cough cloud 23 times smaller than a person without a mask at all.
"A mask drastically reduces the volume of cough clouds, and as a result significantly reduces the risk of infection for the other present in the room," the researchers wrote.
"Similarly, there are certain actions that can reduce the distance that the cough cloud will do inside the room - such as coughing into an elbow or into a handkerchief," they added.
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