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Pregnancy and Birth
Corona and pregnancy: The passage of antibodies to the fetus decreases in the third trimester
Researchers who examined the passage of antibodies from mothers who were in Corona during pregnancy to their fetuses through the placenta found that it was significantly reduced in the third trimester of pregnancy and near birth.
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Pregnancy
Corona
covid-19
Antibodies
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health
Sunday, 03 January 2021, 00:06
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The World Health Organization's guidelines for dealing with the global corona crisis include special consideration for pregnant women because they are at risk who may suffer from complications due to respiratory diseases.
Throughout the past year in which the corona plague has raged all over the world, quite a few pregnant women have been among those infected.
There have also been reports of infants being infected with their mother's virus while still in the womb.
In addition, researchers have found that antibodies against the virus can also be passed from mother to fetus while in the womb as well as after birth in breast milk.
But a new study suggests that the transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus may decrease significantly as the pregnancy progresses.
The study, published in the journal Cell, found that the passage of specific antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 virus (which causes Covid-19 disease) through the placenta is low, which is especially evident in infections that occur in the third trimester of pregnancy.
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The researchers analyzed samples from the umbilical cord as well as blood samples collected from pregnant women during the first months of the epidemic.
They compared the passage of corona antibodies between mother and fetus to two other respiratory diseases against which vaccines are given: influenza and pertussis.
The antibodies to whooping cough and flu were found in higher amounts in the umbilical cord than in the mother's blood.
This indicates a very efficient transfer of antibodies to the fetus and a significant contribution to the formation of a vaccine against these diseases in him.
Advanced pregnant woman walking down the street with a mask (illustration: shutterstock)
However, in the case of corona antibodies, the picture revealed was different.
The level of antibodies specific for the SARS-CoV-2 virus was lower in the umbilical cord than in the mother's blood - indicating an inefficient transfer of antibodies to the fetus.
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The low passage of corona antibodies may be caused due to differences in their glycosylation process.
Glycolization is a process in which a carbohydrate is added to the Fc region of the antibody (this is the region of the antibody that communicates with the immune system).
The same area knows how to bind to appropriate receptors in the fetus, and this is what allows the transfer of antibodies from the mother to the fetus.
The glycolysis of the antibodies affects their passage through the placenta, and different glycolization processes are given different priority in this passage.
The level of antibodies in the umbilical cord was lower than in the mother's blood.
Fetus in the womb (illustration: shutterstock)
The researchers found that the antibodies unique to the spike protein of the corona virus undergo different glycolysis than usual, which may explain why their transfer to the fetus is impaired.
This is probably an unencouraging finding, but there were also positive points in the study: First, none of the babies born in the study were infected with Covid-19.
In addition, the difference in glycolysis did not appear to disrupt the passage of antibodies to other placental viruses.
In addition, the researchers found no decrease in antibody transfer efficacy among women infected with corona during the second trimester of pregnancy, but only with those infected with the last trimester.
They speculate that this difference may be due to changes caused by an increase in inflammation that affected glycolysis and which were resolved in the earlier infections (second-trimester infections).
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