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Discovered in the North: A 1500-year-old anti-demon amulet with the name of God
An amulet from the 6th-5th century AD, discovered 40 years ago in ancient Arbel and bearing 4 letters in Greek: IAW Θ, which is a distortion of the name of the Jewish god (Yahweh IHYH), was handed over to the Antiquities Authority.
"His findings indicate that Jews of the period also wore amulets," says a researcher
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Amulets
Arbel
Archeology
Ziv Reinstein
Wednesday, 26 May 2021, 08:58 Updated: 09:02
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Amulet against the evil eye from Arbel (Photo: Nir Distelfeld, Israel Antiquities Authority)
A necklace pendant that served as an amulet for protection, dating to the Byzantine period in the 6th-5th centuries AD (which was also the Talmudic period in the Galilee), was handed over to the Israel Antiquities Authority.
The amulet, which bears Greek inscriptions and engravings, was discovered about 40 years ago by the late Tova Habib, one of the first Moshav Arbel, near the ancient synagogue in the settlement, and now, it has been handed over to the state treasures by a relative. The bronze pendant shows his beliefs Of the owner and his fears of the evil eye and harmful demons.
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To the full article
Theme in Greek inscriptions and engravings.
The amulet from the 6th-5th century AD (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
"To one"
The amulet discovered is a necklace pendant, made of bronze.
On one side appears a figure of a rider, galloping on a horse.
The rider's head is surrounded by aura, and he holds in his hand a spear facing downwards, towards a female figure lying on her back.
Above the figure of the rider, in the outline of a semicircle, was engraved a Greek inscription, which means in Hebrew: 'To one who overcomes the bad things'.
Beneath the foot of the horse appear four letters in Greek: IAW Θ, which are a distortion of the name of the Jewish god (Yahweh IHYH).
On the back of the amulet, a shape of an eye was engraved, attacked by arrows attached to it, and by an object that looked like a pitchfork.
The eye is threatened by two lions, a snake, a scorpion and a bird, which appear beneath it.
At the top of this page, the abbreviated Greek inscription appears: "One God".
"It is likely that the amulet was used for protection against the evil eye, possibly on children and women."
Dr. Klein and the Amulet (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
The Amulet - Some of the "Seal of Solomon" Amulets
According to Dr. Eitan Klein, Deputy Director of the Antiquities Authority's Robbery Prevention Unit who researched the amulet, "The amulet belongs to a group of amulets from the 6th-5th centuries AD, originating from the Eretz Israel-Syrian area, and most likely made in the Galilee and Lebanon.
Sometimes, this group of amulets is called a 'complete seal', in which the rider defeats the evil spirit - in this case, a female figure, identified with the mythological field Gello / Gyllou, who threatens women and children and is associated with the evil eye.
In the back of the amulet, the shape of the eye must be identified with the evil eye, which is attacked and defeated by various means.
Therefore, it is likely that the amulet was used to protect against the evil eye, possibly on children and women. "
In the Byzantine period, the settlement of Arbel was Jewish, and it is often mentioned in historical sources from the days of the Talmud.
There was a linen industry and many sages visited and taught it.
"Although, in a study it is common to identify those who wear amulets of this type with Christian or Gnostic believers, finding the amulet in the area of a Jewish settlement where a synagogue took place in the 6th-5th centuries AD, may indicate that even Jews of the period wore such amulets. Users for protection against the evil eye and evil spirits, "says Klein.
'To one who overcomes the bad things'.
The inscription on the pendant (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
In a study, it is common to identify those who wear such amulets with Christian or Gnostic believers (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
Klein added, "I would like to thank the Amulet Morality for demonstrating good citizenship, and I call on citizens who have previously found ancient items for their morals to the state treasurers, as these items tell the heritage-historical story of Israel and belong both legally and value-legally to the whole Citizens of the country. "
"The morality of the amulet demonstrated good citizenship" (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
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