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"Yerubael": The name of Judge Gideon is found on 3,000-year-old pottery in Kiryat Gat
A rare inscription bearing the name "Yerubael" (one of Judge Gideon's nicknames) in the alphabet, dating to 1,100 BC, was found inside a storage silo dug into the ground at Horbat al-Ra'i near Kiryat Gat. "It cannot be ruled out that the vessel belonged to Gideon. The judge, "the investigators say
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Archeology
Qiryat Gat
Ziv Reinstein
Monday, 12 July 2021, 08:30 Updated: 09:30
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An inscription on a 3100-year-old pottery vessel (Photo: Emil Aljem, Israel Antiquities Authority)
Is the name of Judge Gideon found on pottery more than 3000 years old?
An inscription from the days of the judges that connects to the Book of Judges was first revealed in an archeological excavation at Horbat al-Ra'i near Kiryat Gat. Address the rare bears the name "
Yeruba'al
" (one of the terms of Gideon) in the alphabet, dated to around 1100 BC. It was written in ink on pottery, and was found in a silo for storage was dug into the ground, and was lined with stones.
Address Written in ink on a jug - a small personal vessel made of pottery, with a volume of about 1 liter, which could have contained an expensive product such as oil, perfume or medicine. belongs to him.
The inscription was deciphered by Epigraph Professor Christopher Rolston of George Washington University in Washington DC.
The inscription clearly shows the letters iodine (broken at the top), reish, house, eye, learn, and remnants of other letters, indicating that the inscription was longer.
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Inscription of Yerubael written in ink on pottery (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Dafna Gazit)
Technical drawing of the pottery, which includes the letters iodine (broken at the top), reish, house, eye, learned (painting by Olga Dubewski).
Remains of additional letters indicate that the inscription was longer (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Israel Antiquities Authority)
Aerial photograph of Horbat al-Ra'i (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Emil Aljem)
"The name Yarbuel reflects a reality from the days of the judges"
The excavations at the site have been conducted annually since 2015, and now the seventh excavation season is being held there.
The excavations are conducted on behalf of the Institute of Archeology of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, the Israel Antiquities Authority, and MacQuarie University in Sydney, Australia, under the direction of Prof. Joseph Garfinkel, Saar Ganor, Dr. Kyle Keimer and Dr. Gil Davis.
The study was supported by Joey Silver, Aaron Levy, the Ruth Family Foundation of Sydney, and the Roger and Susan Hartog Center for Archeology, at the Institute of Archeology at the Hebrew University.
According to Prof. Garfinkel Wagnor, "The name Yerubael is known in the biblical tradition in the Book of Judges, as the second name of Judge Gideon ben Yoash. Gideon organized with a small army of 300 men and attacked the Midianites at night in the area of Maayan Harod. In light of the geographical distance between the Shephelah and the Jezreel Valley, it is possible that another inscription is mentioned, not Gideon of biblical tradition. "How can the possibility not be ruled out that the tool belonged to Judge Gideon. In any case, it seems that the name Yeruval reflects a reality from the days of the judges, in which this name was accepted."
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A photograph of the silo dug into the ground and lined with stones, in which the inscription Yerubael was found (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Saar Ganor)
Unveiling of a jar from the days of the judges at Horbat al-Ra'i (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Saar Ganor)
The first time the name Yarbuel was found as an archeological find
Inscriptions from the time of the Judges are extremely rare, and are hardly found in the archeology of the Land of Israel.
A few previously uncovered inscriptions bore a number of letters, which could not be linked.
This is the first time that the name Yerubael is found as an archeological find outside the Bible - in an archeological stratum, dating to around 1100 BC, the days of the judges.
"As is well known, there are great debates whether biblical tradition reflects reality and is faithful to historical memories Appears in the biblical tradition only in the time of the Judges, and now it is also revealed in the archaeological finds, in a layer from the days of the Judges.
Similarly, the name Ishbaal appears in the biblical tradition only in the days of King David, and is found in the excavations of the ruin of Kiafa at the site from the days of King David.
The identity of the names of the people in the Bible and in the inscriptions revealed in archeological excavations, indicates the preservation of a memory that has been passed down from generation to generation. "
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A photograph of the silo dug into the ground and lined with stones, in which the inscription Yerubael was found (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Saar Ganor)
Aerial photograph of the excavation area where the inscription was discovered (Photo: Israel Antiquities Authority, Emil Aljem)
The inscription indicates that the writing tradition has been preserved
The inscription Yerubael also contributes to the understanding of the spread of the alphabet in the transition from the Canaanite period to the Israeli period.
The alphabet was developed by the Canaanites under Egyptian influence around 1,800 BC, in the Middle Bronze Age. In the Late Bronze Age, in the years 1,150-1,550, only a few inscriptions are known in Israel, most of which were discovered in Tel Lachish, near present-day Moshav Lachish. The Canaanite city of Lachish was the center where the writing tradition of the alphabet was maintained and preserved. The Canaanite Lachish was destroyed around 1,150 BC, and remained desolate for about 200 years.
Thus, it has not been clear so far where the alphabet writing tradition has been preserved after the destruction of Lachish.
The inscription that was uncovered indicates that in Horbat al-Ra'i, which was located about 4 km from Malkish, and which was the main site in the area during the time of the Judges, the writing tradition was preserved, in the transition from Canaanite culture to the period of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. Additional inscriptions are known in the Shefela area: two inscriptions from the Kiafa ruin, and inscriptions at the sites of Tel Tzafit and Tel Beit Shemesh.
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