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The things we must do to prevent the climate crisis in the country
The expected climate change is coming, but its intensity is unclear.
The use of greenhouse gases, the warming trend and the decrease in precipitation in the country and other environmental issues - will cause an ecological disaster here as well.
Yehoshua Shakedi, the chief scientist at the Nature and Parks Authority, explains what needs to be done with us before it becomes too unified
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Joshua Shakedi
Friday, 13 August 2021, 00:01
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The truth must be told.
The expected climate change is coming, but its intensity is unclear.
A report released by
the Meteorological Service these
days
indicates a warming trend and declining precipitation, but the rate of change is not high and they are not statistically significant. The structure and function of most ecosystems in Israel are also insufficiently understood. Climate change on Israeli nature, and yet what needs to be done to prepare for it?
Reducing greenhouse gas emissions
It is right to do so mainly by reducing the use of energy and switching to renewable energy.
However, the transition to renewable energy poses a huge challenge, because it is important not to solve one environmental problem by creating another, no less serious environmental problem, such as damage to biodiversity and habitat destruction.
Therefore, for nature conservation reasons, the correct way to reduce emissions in Israel is through the use of solar energy, mainly with the help of facilities on existing buildings.
In this way habitat destruction will be limited.
The use of wind energy
carries with it the dangers of harming local and migratory birds and bats, whose contribution to nature and man is enormous.
It is equally important to reduce per capita consumption.
It will not be possible to avoid discussing issues related to the population density and the policy of encouraging births in Israel, which also have environmental implications for the ability to cope with climate change.
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Danger of injury to domestic and migratory birds.
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"Find a solution for agriculture and release the water of the springs to nature"
Afforestation
can increase the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, although the contribution of afforestation in Israel is questionable.
Plantings in open areas where the vegetation in any case absorbs carbon dioxide from the atmosphere not only do not significantly improve the balance, but they also harm important ecosystems, such as strawberries.
Therefore, plantings should be targeted at cities, where it has important added value, such as reducing urban heat island and creating shady sites.
On the one hand, climate change can reduce the range of certain species. The way to deal with the problem is to protect large areas such as terrestrial and marine nature reserves, which represented all the natural ecosystems in Israel. This is not enough, and it is necessary to design the conservation system so that the nature reserves will be connected by ecological corridors. That will allow the migration of plants and animals, thus increasing the chance that the different species will be able to adjust their range in the future. In addition, "shelter gardens" for endangered plants are being built in Israel, and at the Garden Bank. The Ministry of Agriculture preserves seeds of endangered plant species in Israel.
Wild boars invade localities.
Through the treatment of erupting wildlife populations is sanitation. On the other hand, climate change can expand the range of other species and make them invaders. The invasive species cause significant damage to nature and man. The most effective way to fight invasive species is to prevent them from entering the country. The Society for the Protection of Nature and the Nature and Parks Authority have tried to advance a bill that would allow war on them, and the Ministry of Agriculture is currently educating to upgrade state laws dealing with agriculture, among other things to prevent the invasion of invasive species and treat invaders. However, in my humble opinion, the war on species invading the Mediterranean through the Suez Canal is hopeless.
There is a reasonable concern about the spread of diseases originating in the tropics. The main way of coping is through regular monitoring and examination of the presence of disease agents of diseases affecting wildlife, farm animals and humans, in accordance with the “one health” approach.
Climate change can increase local populations of several wildlife species and turn them into eruptions, with great potential for harm to humans and nature. The method of treatment is simple - sanitation. Sanitation will facilitate the regulation of these species, which are few, but their potential for damage is great. Adopting accepted standards of cleanliness, in the city and in agriculture, will significantly improve our quality of life and make it possible to regulate relatively easily the populations of erupting species, even in conditions of climate change.
The most central problem in Israel resulting from climate change is the decline in precipitation, especially in the Sea of Galilee basin. Today there is no doubt that this is a long-term change if agriculture continues to utilize water in the Sea of Galilee basin in the amount it currently utilizes, the area's streams, the last ones left with impressive water flow, will dry up, so it is necessary to find a solution for agriculture and release the springs to nature.
The conclusion is clear:
In order to preserve nature in Israel in the face of global climate change, we must continue to strengthen nature conservation efforts in Israel, while strengthening the protection of open spaces and ecological corridors, beyond producing energy from the sun, protecting endangered species, fighting invasive species, sanitizing and reducing the impact of erupting species. Water for nature and monitoring.
Do what has already been done, but much more.
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Prevent the entry of invasive species into Israel
In the opening, I argued that the structure and function of most ecosystems in Israel are not sufficiently understood. In such a situation it is difficult to impossible to predict the effects of climate change. Therefore, in addition to all the actions listed above, it is appropriate to establish permanent and long-term research and monitoring stations. The information that will be added from these stations to the information collected from the long-term monitoring that is already being carried out in Israel, will allow for better preparedness for dealing with climate change.
Strengthening ecological corridors -
to instruct the planning director to outline a binding system of ecological corridors in Israel, while creating agreements between all stakeholders, and especially farmers. This is not a simple task, but very worthy and possible.
Solar energy -
promoting plans for the use of solar energy mainly by placing the systems on existing buildings, so that the damage to open areas will be minimal. At the same time, develop and set up energy conservation systems so that even at night or on cloudy days we can produce this energy.
Protection of endangered species -
here the problem is only budgetary.
The Nature and Parks Authority should be instructed to promote and protect endangered species protection programs.
Plans should focus on the 20 key species in which to invest over the next five years.
War on invasive species -
order the various government ministries to end legislation to treat invasive species within one year.
Legislation should focus on mechanisms to prevent the entry of invasive species into Israel, to provide effective legal tools for eradicating invasive species and to provide effective tools for preventing the spread of invasive species in Israel (the reality is that the government works to eradicate species but these species can be purchased and distributed in nurseries).
Invasive species.
Derra (Photo: Nature and Parks Authority, Doron Nissim)
Be like Iceland, or at least Slovenia
Sanitation and reducing the impact of the erupting species -
ordering and budgeting a nationwide cleaning operation in stages. The most important part in terms of biodiversity is the elimination of food sources for the various predators, mainly from the agricultural sector. The operation must be accompanied by a national operation to fence all legal garbage sites in Israel, close the pirate sites and increase enforcement and punishment.
We need to point to a country we want to be like. Iceland is a bit excessive, because only 350,000 people live there, but Slovenia can be a role model.
Water for nature and river restoration -
to order and budget a solution for the water economy in the Sea of Galilee basin, a solution that will be first and foremost environmental, with full consideration for tourism, agriculture and drainage systems. This is not a simple task, but very worthy and possible.
In addition, to order the Ministry of Environmental Protection to set up a national plan for the rehabilitation of Israeli streams, in retirement for 10 years.
Forestry -
To instruct the Ministry of Agriculture (the forest official) to prepare a national plan for afforestation in localities.
Research - To
instruct the Ministry of Science to set up a plan for the establishment of an array of research sites and permanent and long-term monitoring sites.
The information that will be added from these stations to the information collected from the long-term monitoring that is already being carried out in Israel, will allow for better preparedness for dealing with climate change.
Yehoshua Shakedi is the chief scientist at the Nature and Parks Authority.
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