Istat, 3.5 million irregular workers in 2019

 In 2019, irregular work units were 3 million 586 thousand, down by over 57 thousand compared to the previous year (-1.6%).

Istat notes this in the study on the unobserved economy.

The value of the under-declaration and irregular work in 2019 amounted to 167 billion. 

In 2019, the 'unobserved' economy is worth 203 billion euros, equal to 11.3% of GDP.

Compared to 2018, it decreases by over 5 billion (-2.6%), confirming the trend in place since 2014. Istat again notes this, underlining that the underground economy component amounts to just over 183 billion euros, while that of illegal activities exceeds 19 billion.