This article is taken from
Figaro Histoire "Mussolini, the fascist illusion", find in this issue
all the articles on a regime that aimed to create a new man and to which Mussolini wanted to give the epic colors of imperial Rome.
Cover of
Figaro Histoire
entitled “Mussolini, the fascist illusion”.
Le Figaro
Was fascism a traditional nationalist dictatorship or totalitarianism?
Historiography has long been dependent on the analysis proposed by Hannah Arendt, who did not classify the fascist regime among the totalitarian states because of the very low level of repressions, which appears obvious if we compare them with the mass crimes of the Soviet system and the Third Reich.
The word "totalitarianism" was however invented by an Italian anti-fascist, Giovanni Amendola, a term taken up by Mussolini himself.
Italian historians, such as Renzo De Felice and Emilio Gentile, have challenged this overly simplistic vision of what fascism was, an ideology and political regime that was in reality very complex.
If we take the typology defined by Carl Joachim Friedrich and Zbigniew Brzezinski in the 1950s…
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