Between 2011 and 2020, civil servants, excluding the police and armed forces and those employed abroad, increased by 2.5% (over 2.9 million) as a result of the significant increase in fixed-term contracts (+ 58.9%, +145 thousand units), against a decrease of 2.8% with permanent contracts (-73 thousand).
Istat indicates this in the census of public institutions, underlining that "the policies of containing public expenditure and limiting employee turnover, which have characterized almost the entire last decade, have led to changes in the level and composition of the occupation".
As at 31 December 2020, 12,780 public institutions were active in Italy, employing 3,601,709 personnel, of which 3,396,289 employees (94.3%) and more than 205,000 employed with other contractual forms (coordinated collaborators and continuous or on a project basis, other atypical and temporary)
.
This can be read in a report by Istat which underlines that 56.1% of employees are concentrated in the central administration, which includes, among others, the staff of state schools and the armed forces and police.
20.1% of civil servants are employed in companies or bodies of the national health service, 10.2% in municipalities (6 out of 10 public institutions).
The remaining 13.6% is employed in other types of legal forms.
Looking at the type of contract, the personnel in service is divided into 2,974,360 permanent employees (82.6% of personnel employed in public institutions), 421,929 temporary employees (11.7%) and 205,420 non-employees (5.7%).
Women employed in the public administration exceed 2 million (2.1 million) and represent the majority component, with a share equal to 58.5% of the personnel in service
(3.6 million the total personnel in service).
This is what emerges from the Istat report on the permanent census of public institutions 2020. The highest presence of women is confirmed in the bodies of the National Health System (NHS) with 67.6%, the lowest value in public universities (49 .6%) and in the Regions (51%).
Analyzing the type of contract, the largest share of fixed-term contracts is found among women (13.6% against 9.1%).