In recent months, Joseph Ratzinger had appeared increasingly fragile, moving around in a wheelchair.
The photos of his last visit received, dating from December 1, 2022, showed a frail and visibly weakened man.
On his last public video, released by the Vatican last August, the former pope even appeared with a hearing aid and seemed unable to speak.
Benedict XVI, whose eight-year pontificate was marked by multiple scandals, was caught up in early 2022 by cases of pedocrime in the Church.
Questioned by a report in Germany on his management of sexual violence when he was Archbishop of Munich, he broke his silence to ask for "pardon", while ensuring that he had never covered up child criminals.
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His resignation, announced in Latin on February 11, 2013, had shaken the Catholic world, since never a pope in modern history had resigned.
"He was a pope of rupture, an unloved pope, who will remain the one who renounced", decrypts Hervé Yannou, historian and former correspondent of Figaro at the Vatican, who retraces for us in video the scandals which have enamelled the pontificate of Benedict XVI and the cohabitation of the two popes over the last ten years in the Vatican.