One out of four workers in Italy carries out a job that requires a lower qualification than the educational qualification possessed, but among young people aged between 25 and 34 the share rises to 37.5% and to 44.3% among the under 25s. data from the
Censis-Ugl report "Is work too much or too little?
", which illustrates the phenomenon of overeducation, i.e. the lack of alignment between the level of studies achieved and the profession performed.
The report underlines how overeducation is "inversely proportional to age: the younger you are, the more your knowledge is not used in work".
39.3% of working young people, over 2 million in absolute value, carry out so-called non-standard jobs because they are temporary and/or part-time, "which do not guarantee the salary and stability necessary to have an adequate standard of living and, above all, to make plans for the future", notes the study, also recalling how the unemployment rate of young people between 15 and 34 is 14.4%, rising to 23.7% between 15 and 24 years, against an average rate of 8.1%.
"93.5% of Italians - highlights the report - are convinced that wages are too low and Italy is the only OECD country that in the last thirty years has had a reduction in real terms of wages of 2, 9%".
Six out of 10 young people, if given the opportunity,
would leave Italy
and in the last ten years over one million Italians have moved abroad: one in four had a university degree and one in three was between 25 and 34 years old.
Thus continues the Censis-Ugl report, pointing out that, extending the survey to all age groups, the percentage of people who would like to leave our country drops to 47.3%.
"68.1% of the population thinks that Italy is not a country for young people and 88.5% is convinced that work abroad is better paid and skills are more valued", underline Censis and Ugl .
The study then highlights a series of paradoxes that characterize the Italian labor market.
While young people are decreasing, pensioners are 14 million and 895 thousand, never so many, and in 2040 they will be more than 17 million, with an increase of 2 million and 246 thousand.
There have never been so many young people studying: "The most educated generation ever is entering the labor market - underlines the report -: 76.8% of young people under 34 have at least a high school diploma (20 years ago it was 59.3% ) and 28.3% have a university degree (20 years ago 10.6%)".
According to the study, the demand for labor is also at its highest: "By 2027, a need of around 3 million and 800 thousand workers is expected between the private sector, which will absorb 80.6% of the total, and the public administration".
The report then analyzes another phenomenon: "65% of jobs will need green skills related to energy saving and environmental sustainability, and 56.3% of new jobs will need digital skills".
According to Censis and Ugl, next year our labor market will lack 133,000 graduates from technical and professional institutes qualified in the vocational training system, compared to a surplus of 53,000 a year among high school graduates.
In more detail, the study lists that in 2024 over 12,000 doctors and graduates in health professions, over 8,000 from the economics and statistics group, over 6,000 STEM graduates, over 3,000 graduates in legal and political-social disciplines will be missing.
"The failure to match job supply and demand generates unemployment, precariousness, poverty and uncovered positions, penalizing above all young people who increasingly choose to go abroad. At the same time, companies declare that they have difficulty responding to their employment needs ", underline Censis and Ugl.
