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The palaces of the Kingdom of Qutna in the northeast of Homs

2019-11-13T11:58:52.741Z


Damascus - SANA documents the study of the structural structure of Syrian archaeological palaces that distinguishes the Syrian architecture internationally


Damascus-Sana

The study of the structural structure of the Syrian archaeological palaces documented the Syrian architecture architecture globally in the design and construction method of buildings and that the archaeological monuments discovered in the Kingdom of Qatana evidence of this.

The historian Dr. Mahmoud Al-Sayed, an archaeologist and reader of ancient inscriptions in the Directorate General of Antiquities and Museums, explains to SANA that the importance of the Syrian archaeological cultural heritage is measured not only globally by its historical and archaeological value, but also by documenting the development of the art of construction and architecture where Syria has several

Archaeological sites point to the development of architecture, including the oldest archaeological village and five circular towers in the world were discovered in the archaeological site of Tal Qaramel north of Aleppo and a typical village with a sophisticated architectural character in Tal al-Jurf al-Ahmar and in Tel al-Muraibit the oldest houses in the world used stone tiles and in the site Tel Tal Qars south of the city Deir ez-Zor was used for the first time with lime and wall cladding, in addition to the discovery of the oldest ancient city in the world at the site of Tel Hammokar on the Syrian-Iraqi border near Jabal Sinjar, dated more than 3500 BC, which documents that the engineering of cities originated in Syria and moved to Mesopotamia.

One of the most important Syrian archaeological palaces is the palaces of the Kingdom of Qatana, located northeast of the city of Homs, built in the archaeological site of Al-Mashrifah, the largest archaeological hill in central Syria. Qutna, an area of ​​110 hectares, flourished during the period between 1800 and 1600 BC, thanks to its mediating position in the ancient trade routes leading to Mesopotamia, the Mediterranean coast, Anatolia, Aleppo, Palestine and Egypt, which secured huge financial resources enabling it to accomplish unique urban works. And content.

Around 1650 BC, the royal palace of Qatana was built north of the upper city and surrounded by several service buildings. It is the official residence of the king, the location of protocol ceremonies, official interviews, rituals and rituals of the ancestors' worship and the main administrative center in the Kingdom. Syrian - Palestinian area in the second half of

The second millennium BC and the second largest archaeological palace in Syria after the Palace of the Kingdom of Mary was an area of ​​more than 1600 square meters and a length of 150 m and a width of 110 m and includes about 100 rooms of various specifications, sizes and shapes and discovered under his cellars a number of royal tombs and built the palace of brick, milk and mud Lebanon's cedar wood is in the northwest corner of the upper city and is decorated with Aegean-style frescoes.

The Royal Palace of Qatana is one of the world's oldest examples of the logical connection between nature and architecture in the construction of monumental structures. It was built on a vast, low-altitude natural rocky hill located within the city and rising above the northern low city and on its forehead a smooth, sculpted rock facade. At the place where the rock slid backwards, a very large wall of mud bricks was built, 8 meters high and 10-12 meters wide. Above the mastaba were two enormous fortresses surrounded by long balconies. The rooms were arranged and built over the walls of the foundations of a height of 5-6 m which were in the entire palace area and the foundations walls were separated from each other by drainage trenches filled with stones and protected in this way from the spread of ground moisture and the palace floors consisted of hard limestone clay 14 meters higher than the base of the terrace the palace.

In the western part of the palace, the world's oldest architectural techniques were found in the use of sturdy clay brick structures built on a sloping land down and along the walls there were stone fillings as drainage canals to ensure surface runoff that could have accumulated because the ground was flat. They pose a danger to the walls of earthen bricks.

On the other hand, it was built in the royal palace in Qattana, the largest and most luxurious roofed hall in the world, the reception and celebration hall, covering an area of ​​1300 square meters. It is a square-shaped hall in the middle of which four bases of circular columns were carrying huge wooden pillars bearing the ceiling of the hall. The depth of 5 meters and the work of the Syrian architect to fill it with gravel to bear the pillars bases carry very large weights without being bent with reference to the hall was provided with a large basalt page engraved in the ground was used as a stove to warm the hall and lighting and built in its northern corner Temple oz plate Aakalim Goddess Palace Qatanna.

In the royal palace in the Kingdom of Qatana we also find the throne hall, which is 45 meters long and 14 meters wide, enters the hall through a door open 6 meters wide in the middle axis of the reception hall and behind the throne hall there is a larger and more luxurious hall is the hall dedicated to the protocol ceremonies, which is 20 There was a 40-meter-long corridor leading to the royal cemetery of the palace through the door in the northwest corner of the hall and east of the corridor found the rooms where the king spent his private life.

According to the historian, the royal palace is considered the best archaeological palaces in the world, as it was built on the way of building on the slopes, so the rooms in the palace remained intact because they are located in a basement or built on the foot of a lower terrace on the western end of the palace. The menu is up to the top corner and its wooden-framed doors

The sound and four corridors remain between the rooms are still covered with intact domes and is thus the part that remained in more intact condition than any other part.

The royal palace of the Kingdom of Qatna is one of the very rare exceptions in the world for an archaeological palace which was composed in its northern wing at least three floors and was destroyed in about 1350 BC by the Hittites.

A tomb was found in the royal palace, a basement carved in the rock under the palace and an author

The four-chambered building, with some architectural aspects similar to royal tombs built in the same time period and discovered in Byblos and found huge stone coffins for burial included the remains of about 40 deceased members of the same family of the velvet class according to archaeological relics and precious jewelry discovered in the coffins.

The Royal Palace in its northwestern part was supplied with a well that was the main source of water for the Royal Palace, the largest and most expensive well found in a palace dated to the Bronze Age in the Near East.

In the lower city, halfway between the Royal Palace and the northern gate, a “second large royal palace” was built at the tip of the Acropolis on a small elevation near the northern gate of the city to monitor goods, merchants and residents during entry and exit. Three large courtyards and more than 65 rooms, bathrooms, kitchens and a cellar characterized by mud-coated walls where liquids such as wine and beer were kept at low temperatures and the walls were built of milk and clay, and were built on stone foundations and wood was used to strengthen the walls of the building. The floor of the ceremonial wing was thick and was made of very hard limestone mortar.

In the royal palace and then colored limestone clay in some cases the same Minoan style used throughout the main palace and the sides of the doors overlooking the corridors connecting the rooms with basalt stone panels.

The palace includes three large courtyards linking the various wings of the palace, through which light and air enters the halls and the surrounding rooms.In the official ceremonies and receptions pavilion we find the throne hall and a number of rooms dedicated to storing precious materials.In the north wing, artisan workshops, warehouses and archive rooms were set up.

According to the master discovered a "third palace", the eastern palace built at the highest point of the Acropolis in the upper city and urban construction study of the palace indicates the existence of foundations dating to the Middle Bronze Age 2000-1550 BC and the remains of buildings dating from the Late Bronze Age 1550-1400 BC.

The palace was built of huge mud brick walls and mud-brick walls painted in white and in some places the traces of coloring are estimated. The width of the walls at that time is estimated at 3.50 m and the length is about 18 m. The floors of the palace are mostly plaster mortar and are laid over a layer of gravel. The western sector of the eastern palace is built on clay brick structures built on a sloping land. This technique is a living testimony to the progress of architecture in Syria and the world.

The palace consists of the main entrance hall, where two large two-meter-wide door fixings, a special suite and an administrative wing are located in the east, consisting of multi-sized rooms, a room in the southwest corner of the courtyard, the palace kitchen and a large courtyard in its western part consisting of a large open courtyard covered with a floor. Soft, composed of a layer of small gravel and above it a dirt layer

The main entrance of the palace and the remains of a pebbly street in its eastern part are paved to the courtyard and the street separates the eastern part of the palace from the residential neighborhoods.

The above confirms the importance of the Syrian cultural heritage archaeological heritage globally in the study and understanding of the stages experienced by the development of architecture and the foundations and rules of the construction of buildings and benefit from the environmental environment in the process of construction.

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Source: sena

All news articles on 2019-11-13

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