"What is the Mediterranean?" , asked Fernand Braudel, "a thousand things at once, not a landscape, but countless landscapes, not a sea but a succession of seas, not a civilization but civilizations piled on top of each other." The Mediterranean is in fact a small space but a concentrate of stories and challenges which makes it one of the keys to the world system.
After being one of the important theaters of the Cold War, it had largely disappeared from geopolitics with the collapse of the Soviet Union - with the exception of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Today it is once again becoming an area of major tensions, marked by the extension of the chaos that dominates the Middle East. And this under the effect of three major dynamics.
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First of all, the acute crisis of the 25 riparian states, under the pressure of populism and the devastation of the Covid-19 epidemic in the North, of Islamism and of the economic and social crisis in the South and East . Libya looks like more
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