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What have governments done in the fight against terrorism since 2015?

2020-11-13T18:24:37.317Z


The 2015 attacks were the starting point for a series of anti-terrorism laws. We detail the main measures voted so far.


Is France fighting enough against terrorism?

We take stock of the major measures voted, or only envisaged, by the various governments since 2015. Several of them had already been voted in the previous decades.

• Charlie Hebdo attack: sentinel operation, registration of radicalized people

  • In the hours and days following the attack on the headquarters of Charlie Hebdo and the kosher supermarket at Porte de Vincennes (17 dead), the authorities urgently took several measures.

    President François Hollande launches Operation Sentinel, which strengthens the Vigipirate system.

    The armies, which until then provided approximately 800 men continuously, set up 10,000 soldiers on French territory from January 12.

Read also: Trial of the 2015 attacks: a witness believes that Charlie Hebdo "sought it"

  • The File of alerts for the prevention of terrorist radicalization (FSPRT) was created by a decree of March 5, 2015. Depending on the individuals at risk, it will count up to more than 20,000 names, before dropping down in August 2020 to 8132 people, according to the current Minister of the Interior Gérald Darmanin.

  • Investment credits to strengthen the equipment of the police are voted, up to 425 million euros.

  • François Hollande announces the possibility of arming by the State for municipal police officers, at the specific request of elected officials.

Read also: Why is it so difficult to expel radicalized foreigners?

• Attacks of November 13, 2015: state of emergency, searches, mosque closures

  • On the night of November 13 to 14, attacks took place in Saint-Denis and Paris, killing 137 people.

    At midnight, the Council of Ministers declares a state of emergency for twelve days.

    Measures were taken in Île-de-France, prohibiting certain movements, gatherings ... On the 15th, three days of national mourning were decreed.

    Spontaneous gatherings nevertheless take place.

"Five years later, it is still present", a survivor of the Bataclan tells

  • The congress (deputies and senators) met on November 16.

    A bill aims to extend the state of emergency for a period of three months.

    A law is prepared which expands the house arrest arrangements

  • Operations in Syria are stepped up and France is asking for a UN resolution to update the international fight against terrorism.

  • Additional posts are created in the security forces.

    After a drop at the start of the school year, the Sentinel's numbers started to rise again, 6,500 soldiers were deployed in Île-de-France, and 3,500 in the provinces.

    A plan for the creation of 5,000 additional jobs in the police and gendarmerie, 2,500 in justice and 1,000 in customs, is proposed, and the executive reconsiders its desire to reduce military personnel.

    The finance law for 2016 is amended, 600 million expenditure is planned.

  • On November 26, the Arbresle mosque in the Rhône was closed, and on December 2, that of Lagny-sur-Marne suffered the same fate, after Islamist leaflets and a weapon were discovered there.

    Until December 15, 2,764 searches were carried out: 435 weapons were seized, 339 people arrested, including 299 taken into custody.

• Beginning of 2016: “

de-radicalization

centers

, law against crime

  • In February, Bernard Cazeneuve, Minister of the Interior, announced new equipment for certain police units: HK G36 assault rifles, ballistic shields, bulletproof vests, helmets, etc.

    New GIGN branches are created in Nantes, Reims, Tours and Mayotte.

    RAID is developed in Toulouse, Montpellier and Nancy.

  • In March, a law allows RATP and SNCF security agents to detain certain people.

    Transport operators can also transmit their video surveillance images live to the police.

  • In April, a new national intervention plan is presented.

    It is divided into three levels.

    First, the elementary interventions, under the action of the police and gendarmes on patrol.

    Then, intermediate interventions, with nearby intervention teams, and finally, specialized interventions, involving RAID, GIGN, and BRI at the Police Headquarters.

    In addition, an "

    absolute emergency

    " procedure provides for the suspension of areas of territorial jurisdiction between services to shorten the response time if necessary.

  • In May, Manuel Valls, Prime Minister, launched an “

    action plan against jihadist radicalization

    ”.

    A reintegration center is scheduled and then opens in summer 2016 in Indre-et-Loire.

    The budget of the crime prevention committee is to increase from 600 to 100 million euros annually over three years.

    In the center, individuals at risk must "

    carry out work on their personality

    " or debate secularism.

    An openness to culture is planned and a tailor-made professionalization program.

Read also: The first de-radicalization center no longer has a resident

  • In June, a law to combat crime was promulgated.

    It gives justice new means of investigation, in particular night searches or the capture of certain internet data.

    It oversees the securing of Euro 2016, tightens the conditions for acquiring firearms, and creates a ground for indictment for trafficking in cultural property from theaters of terrorist operations.

• Failures of forfeiture of nationality

The President of the Republic had mentioned in November 2015 the idea of ​​widening the procedure for deprivation of nationality, by opening it to dual nationals born French (and no longer only naturalized).

The debate had become political, and the majority had gradually "

let go

" François Hollande, who buried the measure on March 30, 2016, and with it the constitutional bill "

for the protection of the Nation

".

Read also: Deprivation of nationality: an abandonment in six acts

• Nice attack: intensification of strikes on ISIS

  • While Operation Sentinel was once again to see its numbers drop, the Nice attack on July 14, 2016 (87 dead) once again calls into question French decisions.

    From July 15, François Hollande announced the launch of an intensification of air force strikes against the Islamic State (Syria and Iraq).

Read also: The bitterness of the victims of the attack of July 14, 2016

  • The state of emergency, which was extended but was due to expire on July 26, has been extended for six months.

    Bernard Cazeneuve calls on July 16 "

    all patriotic citizens who wish

    " to join the operational reserve to support the French security effort.

    A law promulgated on July 21 toughens the penalties for certain criminal offenses and criminal association.

    The closure of places of worship which propagate hate speeches is facilitated.

    Demonstrations are also more supervised and can now be banned when the administrative authority considers that it cannot ensure their safety.

  • The government was considering reuniting radicalized detainees.

    But in September, this prison regrouping was abandoned by the Keeper of the Seals Jean-Jacques Urvoas, after a concerted assault on supervisors.

• 2017: reorganization of services, law strengthening internal security and the fight against terrorism

  • A law on public security was promulgated in March 2017. It strengthens the legal security of law enforcement interventions.

    The framework thus created harmonizes the conditions of the various services (police, gendarmerie, customs, armies).

    Identity protection is improved, and sanctions are reinforced for acts of rebellion, threats or refusal to comply.

Read also: Is France at the forefront with its anti-terrorism law?

  • In July, after the presidential elections, a new government and a new parliamentary majority installed, a new text extending the state of emergency was passed.

    It also provides a framework for residence ban measures, which take into account "

    the family and professional life of people likely to be affected

    ".

  • On October 30, the law “

    strengthening internal security and the fight against terrorism

    ”, presented by Prime Minister Edouard Philippe

    , was promulgated

    .

    The end of the state of emergency is scheduled, several measures being included in common law, and others being abandoned, such as the ban on demonstrations.

    The "repentance policy", providing for reductions in sentence, is reinforced.

    The consultation of air passenger data is perpetuated, as well as reinforced controls in border areas.

  • Several intelligence services are reorganized, in particular with the national coordination of intelligence and the fight against terrorism.

    1900 jobs are planned, over the five-year term, in the field.

• 2018-2019: an action plan and a national anti-terrorist prosecution

  • In July 2018, a new action plan of 40 measures (eight of which were secret) was presented to identify and repress “endogenous actors” liable to attack.

    The administration is provided with various action mechanisms (coordination).

    Exits from prison are subject to certain control and supervision measures.

    Among the population, the government says it wants to promote a "common culture of security", in particular with the posters "reacting in the event of a terrorist attack".

    The opening of a national anti-terrorist prosecution is scheduled.

  • Seized with several questions, the Constitutional Council recalls that identity checks must exclude "any discrimination" and demands that administrative control measures against an individual may not exceed twelve months.

  • On June 24, 2019, the National Anti-Terrorist Prosecutor's Office was created.

    Jean-François Ricard is appointed to the post of anti-terrorist public prosecutor as of July 1, 2019.

Read also: Jean-François Ricard, new face of anti-terrorism

• 2020, the last measures taken before the death of Samuel Paty and the Nice attack

  • In June, various anti-terrorism measures were extended by law, because Parliament had only authorized them until December 31.

    This includes closures of places of worship, the so-called “algorithm” intelligence technique, etc.

  • In August, a law was enacted establishing security measures for perpetrators of terrorist offenses at the end of their sentence.

    The Constitutional Council, however, censors it.

  • After the death of teacher Samuel Paty, several places of worship and associations were closed or dissolved.

Read also: Dissolution of associations, closure of places of prayer… Shock measures legally difficult to apply

Source: lefigaro

All news articles on 2020-11-13

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