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Author: Zheng Qiuling
2020-11-19 21:57
Last update date: 2020-11-19 21:57
Clifford Stott, a former international expert group member of the IPCC and a professor of psychology at Keele University in the United Kingdom, recently (17) published an investigation report written by himself. From the psychological analysis of the masses, the anti-revision demonstration in Hong Kong last year was divided into three key stages. He also described the escalation of the conflict caused by the actions of the Hong Kong police, including heavy reliance on paramilitary methods, multiple "strategic failures", etc., including the use of tear gas to disperse peaceful demonstrators on June 12 last year, and the inaction in the Yuen Long attack on July 21, which caused the police to remain among the people. The legitimacy in the mind gradually collapsed, and the demonstrators' attitude towards the police deteriorated.
The report mainly discusses "why is it that the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong transitioned from pre-dominantly large-scale peaceful mass processions towards more dynamic and collective violent protests?" more dynamic and increasingly collectively violent confrontations?) Interviewed 17 demonstrators, based on the on-site investigation of Li Lifeng's team at CUHK and the report of the Supervisory Committee, evolving from the mass psychoanalysis movement.
The report pointed out that the first stage was from the beginning of last year to June 12, and the demonstration mode was peaceful. However, after the police classified it as a "riot" and used various ammunition such as tear gas to disperse peaceful demonstrators, the situation quickly heated up.
June 12 is the "tipping point" for changing the behavior and identity of demonstrators.
In the second stage, after the Chief Executive Carrie Lam announced the "suspend" of the amendment on June 15, a record-breaking 2 million people marched and the "five major demands" also appeared. Several demonstrations surrounded the police chief, and the police chose to "not intervene." Respond passively.
By July 1st, the occupation of the Legislative Council took action, and the police decided to retreat at the last moment.
The third stage was July. The wave of demonstrations spread from Hong Kong Island to the community. The form of protesters also became "flowing" and gradually became more violent. The protest turned to defending local identities and values. The police adopted a preemptive and aggressive strategy, such as July 14. Entering the New Town Plaza in Sha Tin on the day of the search, coupled with the 7.21 Yuen Long attack and the 8.31 Prince Edward Station incident, highlighted the "police illegitimacy" aspect, especially in the 7.21 incident. The police did not immediately intervene, deepening the suspicion of "collusion", which almost caused The complete breakdown of the legitimacy of the police also prompted the demonstrators to intensify their actions.
The report finally came up with three conclusions, including that the spread of demonstrations is related to collective identity politics and the unfairness of police administration; the escalation of the protest against the police seems to be recognized and supported; and the police's strategic inaction, and the repression has intensified the demonstrators' belief that the police actions are unfair. It was not until December that the Polytechnic University was under siege, that this cycle was broken.
(Police tactics then served to legitimize and empower escalating acts of community resistance which amplified ever more intensive forms of police repression until the cycle was broken following the siege of the Polytechnic University in December.)
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