President of the International Crisis Group, Robert Malley served on the National Security Council under Barack Obama's presidency from February 2014 to January 2017.
LE FIGARO: What marked you at the time, and what is your analysis of what has been called the Arab Spring ten years later?
Robert MALLEY.
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While the Arab world seemed so frozen, the first images coming from Tunisia, but above all from Egypt, aroused real hope and a certain enthusiasm.
But quite quickly questions arose about the fate of these uprisings, and the probability, quite strong, that things will turn out badly.
They faced rulers who were braced on their power;
the polarization was intense between Islamists and non-Islamists;
and the opposition - it was its beauty but also its weakness - seemed disorganized, without leadership, and ill-equipped to make the transition.
When internal uprisings have combined with geopolitical conflicts, when
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