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Written by: Li Enci and Zhu Haiqi
2021-03-04 19:50
Last update date: 2021-03-04 19:50
The vaccination of the new crown pneumonia vaccine is in full swing in Hong Kong. Experts emphasize that the vaccine mainly prevents the disease, and the public may still be infected after vaccination.
The team of Professor Yuan Guoyong of the Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Hong Kong found that if the nucleic acid vaccine and neutralizing antibody were injected into the hamster, the lung damage was significantly reduced, but there were still a large number of viruses in the nasal cavity, reflecting that the injection was not fully immune.
The group recommends that you wear a mask and wash your hands frequently after vaccination, or wait until the nasal spray vaccine developed by the University of Hong Kong is available before the vaccine can protect the nasal mucosa and prevent infection.
Two new coronary pneumonia vaccines, Kexing Vaccine in Mainland China and "Fubitai" vaccine developed by Fosun Pharma/German pharmaceutical company BioNTech have arrived in Hong Kong.
Vaccines are regarded as an important weapon to end the epidemic, but experts all say that the main effect of the first-generation vaccines is to prevent disease.
Researchers from the Institute of AIDS, the Department of Microbiology, and the State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases of the Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong University, collaborated with research teams from Tsinghua University and Columbia University to study the effectiveness of vaccines.
Chen Zhiwei, a member of the research team and a professor in the Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong University School of Medicine, told "Hong Kong 01" that the team conducted experiments with 44 hamsters and divided them into control groups. One group was injected with neutralizing antibodies and DNA nucleic acid vaccines to supply the virus; the other group provided drugs. Neutralizing antibodies were injected after poisoning for treatment. During the experiment, one of the hamsters died of excessive anesthesia.
▼See the details of the scheduled vaccination and side effects of Kexing and BioNTech in the 3 pictures▼
The study found that the hamsters that were vaccinated with neutralizing antibodies and vaccines had 99% of their lung infections suppressed. Chen Zhiwei said, “The number of infected cells is much smaller, and occasionally infections are only found in a few cells. Hamsters that have not been injected (vaccine) , The infected cells are piece by piece (many cells are infected)”.
Studies have also confirmed that neither hamsters injected with neutralizing antibodies or vaccines can completely prevent the nasal cavity from being infected with the new coronavirus, reflecting that the virus has a strong infectivity to the nasal cavity, and the virus may also escape the attack of the neutralizing antibody in the host.
According to the team, injecting neutralizing antibodies into the abdominal or nasal cavity of hamsters, or injecting nucleic acid vaccines into muscles, can significantly reduce lung infections, but cannot significantly reduce viral infections in the nasal cavity; even hamsters infected with viruses receive neutralizing antibodies. After treatment, although the virus replication in the lungs was significantly inhibited and the lung damage was also significantly reduced. However, within 1 to 3 days after the infection, the hamsters under treatment still had a large amount of virus in the nasal cavity, resulting in insufficient protection and spreading the virus, or Cause a second infection.
▼Full list of 29 vaccination centers on Hong Kong Island, Kowloon, New Territories and Outlying Islands▼
Chen Zhiwei said that the DNA vaccine used in the experiment is different from the inactivated or mRNA vaccines on the market, but the protection principle of neutralizing antibodies is roughly the same, emphasizing that the experiment is comparable to vaccines vaccinated by citizens.
He continued that the vaccine must be aimed at protecting the nasal mucosa in order to prevent nasal infections, but there are few relevant studies in various places, reflecting the importance of vaccines against the nasal mucosa.
He hoped that the nasal spray vaccine developed by the University of Hong Kong would achieve this effect.
Yuan Guoyong, Chair Professor of Infectious Diseases in the Department of Microbiology, Hong Kong University School of Medicine, pointed out that although the serum has a high concentration of neutralizing antibodies after vaccination or antibody treatment, the upper respiratory tract cannot be completely protected from the new coronavirus infection.
He reminded the public to remember that after the injection, they still need to wear a mask and clean their hands to effectively prevent the spread of the virus.
The team’s research results have recently been published in the internationally renowned medical journal "Cell Host & Microbe".
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